{"id":684,"date":"2026-01-07T12:54:02","date_gmt":"2026-01-07T12:54:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/?p=684"},"modified":"2026-01-10T07:05:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-10T07:05:17","slug":"charges-under-the-companies-act-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/","title":{"rendered":"Charges under the Companies Act, 2013"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> play a crucial role in the borrowing capacity and financial credibility of a company. A charge is essentially a security interest created on the company\u2019s assets in favour of a lender, usually a bank or financial institution. This ensures that if the company fails to repay its debt, the lender has the right to recover the dues from the charged assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> is important for directors, professionals and stakeholders because charge registration is not optional. It is a mandatory compliance that protects the interests of creditors and maintains transparency in corporate transactions. Whether a business is pledging machinery, property or receivables, the charge mechanism clarifies ownership and secures lending arrangements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this blog, you will learn the types of charges, legal framework, registration process, time limits, modification, satisfaction and consequences of non-compliance under Charges under the Companies Act, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_76 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Types_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Types of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Legal_Framework_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Legal Framework of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Registration_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Registration of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Time_Limits_for_Filing_and_Registering_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Time Limits for Filing and Registering Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Consequences_of_Non-Registration_of_Charges_Under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Consequences of Non-Registration of Charges Under the Companies Act 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Modification_Satisfaction_and_Release_of_Charges_Under_the_Companies_Act_2013\" >Modification, Satisfaction and Release of Charges Under the Companies Act 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Forms_Required_for_Charge_Registration_and_Modification_Under_Companies_Act_2013\" >Forms Required for Charge Registration and Modification Under Companies Act 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Types of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the types of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013 is<\/strong> important because companies use different assets as security when borrowing. Each type of charge offers different rights and priorities to lenders and must be registered to ensure legal enforceability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Type of Charge<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Meaning<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key Features<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Common Examples<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Fixed Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>A fixed charge is a charge created on a specific and identifiable asset of the company that does not change during the loan tenure.<\/td><td>It restricts the company from selling or transferring the charged asset without the consent of the lender and offers strong protection to the creditor.<\/td><td>Common examples include land, factory buildings, heavy machinery and long-term equipment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Floating Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>A floating charge is a charge on a class of assets that keeps changing in the ordinary course of business until it crystallizes.<\/td><td>It allows the company to use, buy or sell the assets normally until the charge becomes fixed at the time of enforcement or insolvency.<\/td><td>Typical examples include stock-in-trade, inventory, raw materials and book debts.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pari Passu Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>A pari passu charge is a shared charge created in favour of multiple lenders who enjoy equal rights and equal priority over the secured asset.<\/td><td>It ensures that all charge holders receive proportionate repayment from the proceeds of the charged asset and no lender has superior priority.<\/td><td>It is commonly used in consortium lending or joint financing arrangements.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Subservient Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>A subservient charge is a secondary charge that ranks below an existing primary charge already created on the same asset.<\/td><td>It enables a lender to claim repayment only after the primary charge holder has recovered dues, making it suitable for additional or top-up loans.<\/td><td>Examples include second-ranking charges granted for working capital loans or supplementary financing.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These types of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> help companies and lenders structure secured borrowing in a legally compliant and transparent manner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Framework_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Legal Framework of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The legal framework of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> sets out the rules for creating, registering and maintaining charges to ensure transparency and creditor protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Provision \/ Section<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Explanation<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 77<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 77 requires every company to register a charge with the Registrar within the prescribed time for it to be legally enforceable.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 78<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 78 allows the charge holder to apply for registration if the company does not register the charge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 79<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 79 permits extension of time for registering charges subject to prescribed conditions.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 82<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 82 mandates companies to intimate the Registrar when a charge is satisfied or discharged.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 83<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 83 authorizes the Registrar to record satisfaction or modification based on valid evidence.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 85<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 85 requires maintaining a Register of Charges at the registered office for inspection.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Section 86<\/strong><\/td><td>Section 86 imposes penalties on companies and officers for non-compliance with charge provisions.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, this legal framework ensures that charges are properly recorded and monitored, supporting secure lending and compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Registration_of_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Registration of Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Registration of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> is a mandatory compliance process that ensures any charge created on a company\u2019s assets is legally valid and enforceable. When a company borrows funds and offers its assets as security, it must file the details of the charge with the Registrar of Companies so that lenders and stakeholders have public notice of the encumbrance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The company is required to file the prescribed e-Forms, mainly CHG-1 or CHG-9, within the statutory time limit of thirty days from the creation of the charge. If the company fails to register the charge, the Registrar can allow late registration on payment of additional fees, and in some cases, the charge holder may also independently apply for registration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Failure to register a charge can make it void against the liquidator or creditors, which is why timely registration under Companies Act 2013 helps protect lender rights and maintain transparency in corporate borrowing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Time_Limits_for_Filing_and_Registering_Charges_under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Time Limits for Filing and Registering Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Time limits for filing and registering <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013 <\/strong>are essential because they determine whether a charge is enforceable in law and valid against creditors or a liquidator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Requirement \/ Stage<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Time Limit<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Key Implications<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Registration of charge after creation<\/strong><\/td><td>Within 30 days from the date of creation<\/td><td>It ensures the charge is legally enforceable and recognized by the Registrar.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Extension of time for registration<\/strong><\/td><td>Additional 30 days after the initial period<\/td><td>It allows late registration with additional fees, preventing loss of enforceability.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Further extension with condonation<\/strong><\/td><td>Up to 300 days from date of creation<\/td><td>It enables registration with condonation on valid grounds and fee payment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Satisfaction of charge<\/strong><\/td><td>Within 30 days from the date the charge is satisfied<\/td><td>It updates the public record and confirms repayment of secured debt.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Late filing of satisfaction<\/strong><\/td><td>Up to 300 days with additional fees<\/td><td>It allows delayed intimation but requires justification and extra fees.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Charge holder\u2019s right to file<\/strong><\/td><td>When a company fails to file on time<\/td><td>The lender can seek registration to safeguard its security interest.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Effect of non-registration<\/strong><\/td><td>After expiry of applicable limits<\/td><td>Charge becomes void against liquidator and creditors and may lead to penalties.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Compliance with the time limits for registering and satisfying <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013 <\/strong>helps companies maintain transparency and protect the rights of lenders and stakeholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Consequences_of_Non-Registration_of_Charges_Under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Consequences of Non-Registration of Charges Under the Companies Act 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The charge becomes void against the liquidator and creditors during winding up.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The lender may lose priority and legal enforceability over the secured asset.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The company and its officers may face penalties for non-compliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The borrowing capacity of the company may be adversely affected.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Financial institutions may refuse future lending due to lack of security validity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stakeholders may lose transparency regarding encumbered assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Modification_Satisfaction_and_Release_of_Charges_Under_the_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Modification, Satisfaction and Release of Charges Under the Companies Act 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Modification, satisfaction and release of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013 <\/strong>ensure that the company updates the Registrar about any change or repayment so that the public record accurately reflects the current status of secured assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Aspect<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Meaning<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Process<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Modification of Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>Modification refers to any change in the terms, conditions, amount or asset covered under an already registered charge.<\/td><td>The company must file the prescribed form for modification within the stipulated period and submit supporting documents reflecting the change.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Satisfaction of Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>Satisfaction means the secured debt has been completely repaid or discharged by the company.<\/td><td>The company must inform the Registrar within the applicable time and file the required form along with proof of repayment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Release of Charge<\/strong><\/td><td>Release indicates that the lender formally relinquishes the charge over the secured asset after satisfaction.<\/td><td>The company or lender must provide consent records confirming the release and file the necessary form to update the Registrar\u2019s records.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forms_Required_for_Charge_Registration_and_Modification_Under_Companies_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Forms Required for Charge Registration and Modification Under Companies Act 2013<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Companies Act 2013 prescribes specific forms for creating, registering, modifying and satisfying charges to ensure that all secured transactions are properly documented and recorded with the Registrar of Companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Form<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Purpose<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>When it is used<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CHG-1<\/strong><\/td><td>This form is used for registering the creation or modification of charges other than those related to debentures.<\/td><td>It is filed when a company creates a new charge or modifies an existing charge on movable or immovable property.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CHG-9<\/strong><\/td><td>This form is used for creating or modifying charges relating to debentures.<\/td><td>It is filed when a company issues debentures secured by a charge or alters the terms of an existing debenture charge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CHG-4<\/strong><\/td><td>This form is used for intimating the satisfaction of charge.<\/td><td>It is filed when the company fully repays or discharges the debt secured by the charge.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CHG-6<\/strong><\/td><td>This form refers to the register of charges maintained by the Registrar.<\/td><td>It is used to maintain updated details of charges for public inspection and record.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>CHG-8<\/strong><\/td><td>This form is used for condonation of delay in charge-related filings.<\/td><td>It is filed when the company seeks condonation for late registration or modification of a charge.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct charge forms under Companies Act 2013 helps ensure accurate filing, compliance with statutory requirements and transparent disclosure of secured assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In conclusion, understanding and complying with the provisions of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong> is essential for every company that secures loans through its assets. Proper registration, timely modification and satisfaction of charges not only safeguard the rights of lenders but also protect the company from penalties, disputes and loss of enforceability. By maintaining accurate charge records and adhering to statutory timelines, companies can enhance transparency, strengthen creditworthiness and ensure smoother financial operations and borrowing arrangements. If your company needs assistance with the registration, modification or satisfaction of <strong>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013,<\/strong> we provide end-to-end compliance support including ROC filings, legal documentation and advisory. Our experienced professionals ensure timely submissions, error-free forms and complete guidance throughout the charge management process, helping your business avoid penalties and maintain full statutory compliance. Contact us today to streamline your charge-related compliance and strengthen your corporate governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>ALOS READ<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/esop-under-the-companies-act-2013-for-private-limited-company\/\"><strong>ESOP under the Companies Act 2013 for Private Limited Company<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/trademark-for-cloud-kitchen-in-india\/\"><strong>How to Register a Trademark for a Cloud Kitchen in India<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/issue-of-bonus-shares-in-a-private-limited-company\/\"><strong>Issue of Bonus Shares in a Private Limited Company<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/dematerialization-of-shares-for-non-small-private-companies\/\"><strong>Dematerialization of Shares for Non-small Private Companies<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/preferential-allotment-under-the-companies-act-2013\/\"><strong>Preferential Allotment under the Companies Act, 2013<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/change-in-the-name-of-company.php\">Change in the Name of Company<\/a><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013 play a crucial role in the borrowing capacity and financial credibility of a company. A charge [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":685,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-private-limited-company"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Charges under the Companies Act, 2013<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn about charges under the Companies Act, 2013, including types of charges, registration process, time limits, penalties for delay, and compliance requirements.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mylegalbusiness.com\/blog\/charges-under-the-companies-act-2013\/\" 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